The U.S. military constantly strives to improve the medical care provided to combat casualties with the indirect result of improvements to civilian emergency medical care over the past two centuries. In this article, I’ll explore the development of emergency care from the military experience, including casualty movement, providing emergency care to the injured soldier at the point of wounding, use of aeromedical evacuation, clinical advancements in treatment and medical equipment, as well as critical decision-making skills. Procedures that began in WWI carried over to WWII.
Each company was again assigned two first-aid men, called company aid men and later known as combat medics or corpsmen (Navy medics assigned to a ship or company of Marines), but these medics brought emergency care to the injured soldier at the point of wounding—on the battlefield under exposure to enemy fire. To administer care that was safe for both the casualty and medic in this hazardous environment, the medic began to synthesize combat decision making with the principles of first aid. Medical aid measures during WWII included controlling hemorrhage (including tourniquet use), applying splints and dressings, administering booster dose of tetanus toxoid and initiating chemotherapy (in the form of antibiotics, such as sulfa powder sprinkled on wounds and given orally).
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